Portability | portable |
---|---|
Stability | provisional |
Maintainer | johan.tibell@gmail.com |
Safe Haskell | None |
Data.Hashable
Description
This module defines a class, Hashable
, for types that can be
converted to a hash value. This class exists for the benefit of
hashing-based data structures. The module provides instances for
basic types and a way to combine hash values.
The hash
function should be as collision-free as possible, which
means that the hash
function must map the inputs to the hash
values as evenly as possible.
- class Hashable a where
- hash :: a -> Int
- hashWithSalt :: Int -> a -> Int
- hashPtr :: Ptr a -> Int -> IO Int
- hashPtrWithSalt :: Ptr a -> Int -> Int -> IO Int
- hashByteArray :: ByteArray# -> Int -> Int -> Int
- hashByteArrayWithSalt :: ByteArray# -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int
- combine :: Int -> Int -> Int
Computing hash values
The class of types that can be converted to a hash value.
Minimal implementation: hash
or hashWithSalt
.
Methods
Return a hash value for the argument.
The general contract of hash
is:
- This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an application to another execution of the same application.
- If two values are equal according to the
==
method, then applying thehash
method on each of the two values must produce the same integer result. - It is not required that if two values are unequal
according to the
==
method, then applying thehash
method on each of the two values must produce distinct integer results. However, the programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results for unequal values may improve the performance of hashing-based data structures.
hashWithSalt :: Int -> a -> IntSource
Return a hash value for the argument, using the given salt.
This method can be used to compute different hash values for the same input by providing a different salt in each application of the method.
The contract for hashWithSalt
is the same as for hash
, with
the additional requirement that any instance that defines
hashWithSalt
must make use of the salt in its implementation.
Instances
Hashable Bool | |
Hashable Char | |
Hashable Double | |
Hashable Float | |
Hashable Int | |
Hashable Int8 | |
Hashable Int16 | |
Hashable Int32 | |
Hashable Int64 | |
Hashable Integer | |
Hashable Word | |
Hashable Word8 | |
Hashable Word16 | |
Hashable Word32 | |
Hashable Word64 | |
Hashable () | |
Hashable ByteString | |
Hashable ByteString | |
Hashable Text | |
Hashable Text | |
Hashable TypeRep | |
Hashable ThreadId | |
Hashable a => Hashable [a] | |
(Integral a, Hashable a) => Hashable (Ratio a) | |
Hashable a => Hashable (Maybe a) | |
Hashable (StableName a) | |
(Hashable a, Hashable b) => Hashable (Either a b) | |
(Hashable a1, Hashable a2) => Hashable (a1, a2) | |
(Hashable a1, Hashable a2, Hashable a3) => Hashable (a1, a2, a3) | |
(Hashable a1, Hashable a2, Hashable a3, Hashable a4) => Hashable (a1, a2, a3, a4) | |
(Hashable a1, Hashable a2, Hashable a3, Hashable a4, Hashable a5) => Hashable (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) | |
(Hashable a1, Hashable a2, Hashable a3, Hashable a4, Hashable a5, Hashable a6) => Hashable (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) | |
(Hashable a1, Hashable a2, Hashable a3, Hashable a4, Hashable a5, Hashable a6, Hashable a7) => Hashable (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7) |
Creating new instances
The functions below can be used when creating new instances of
Hashable
. For example, for many string-like types the
hashWithSalt
method can be defined in terms of either
hashPtrWithSalt
or hashByteArrayWithSalt
. Here's how you could
implement an instance for the ByteString
data type, from the
bytestring
package:
import qualified Data.ByteString as B import qualified Data.ByteString.Internal as B import qualified Data.ByteString.Unsafe as B import Data.Hashable import Foreign.Ptr (castPtr) instance Hashable B.ByteString where hashWithSalt salt bs = B.inlinePerformIO $ B.unsafeUseAsCStringLen bs $ \(p, len) -> hashPtrWithSalt p (fromIntegral len) salt
Use hashWithSalt
to create a hash value from several values,
using this recipe:
instance (Hashable a1, Hashable a2) => Hashable (a1, a2) where hash (a1, a2) = hash a1 `hashWithSalt` a2
You can combine multiple hash values using combine
, using this
recipe:
combineTwo h1 h2 = 17 `combine` h1 `combine` h2
As zero is a left identity of combine
, a nonzero seed is used
so that the number of combined hash values affects the final
result, even if the first hash values are zero. The value 17 is
arbitrary.
When possible, use hashWithSalt
to compute a hash value from
multiple values instead of computing separate hashes for each value
and then combining them using combine
.
Arguments
:: Ptr a | pointer to the data to hash |
-> Int | length, in bytes |
-> IO Int | hash value |
Compute a hash value for the content of this pointer.
Arguments
:: Ptr a | pointer to the data to hash |
-> Int | length, in bytes |
-> Int | salt |
-> IO Int | hash value |
Compute a hash value for the content of this pointer, using an initial salt.
This function can for example be used to hash non-contiguous segments of memory as if they were one contiguous segment, by using the output of one hash as the salt for the next.
Arguments
:: ByteArray# | data to hash |
-> Int | offset, in bytes |
-> Int | length, in bytes |
-> Int | hash value |
Compute a hash value for the content of this ByteArray#
,
beginning at the specified offset, using specified number of bytes.
Availability: GHC.
Arguments
:: ByteArray# | data to hash |
-> Int | offset, in bytes |
-> Int | length, in bytes |
-> Int | salt |
-> Int | hash value |
Compute a hash value for the content of this ByteArray#
, using
an initial salt.
This function can for example be used to hash non-contiguous segments of memory as if they were one contiguous segment, by using the output of one hash as the salt for the next.
Availability: GHC.